Detachable sheet metal link and linkage formed therefrom



p 1961 K. c AUGENSTEIN 2,998,697

DETACHABLE SHEET METAL LINK AND LINKAGE FORMED THEREFROM Filed July 11,1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

KARL C. AUGENSTEIN ATI'ORN EYS DETACHABLE SHEET METAL LINK AND LINKAGEFORMED THEREFROM Filed July 11, 1958 p 1961 K. c. AUGENSTEIN 2Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

am ATTORNEYS simple but rugged in construction and is t States Thepresent invention relates to an improved band of pivotally attachedlinks for use as a wrist watch strap, bracelet or the like. Moreparticularly the invention rela es to such a band at least a part ofwhich comprises a plurality of pivotally attached non-expansible links.

An object of the present invention is to provide such a band in whichadjacent links are pivotally connected by a simple, inexpensive andunique mechanism by means of which such links are readily detachablefrom an attachable to each other without the use of special tools andwithout the necessity of returning the bracelet to the factory.Consequently, one or more links can be readily removed or inserted bythe jeweler to shorten or lengthen the bracelet or to repair the removedlink or links.

Another object is to provide such a mechanism in Whch the danger of thelinks becoming detached. by accident is reduced to a minimum. However,its operation is sim ple and obvious to even an unskilled person to whomit has been disclosed.

Another object is to provide such a mechanism that is simple andinexpensive to make.

Another object is to provide such a band in which the mechanism fordetachably attaching the comprises a separable, pivotal attachmentbetween adjacent links.

Another object is to provide a link having a mechanism for pivotally anddetacha'oly attaching the link to an adjacent link or other member.Preferably, the mechanism comprises a part which is mounted in the linkand which is movable to a first attach position in which it completes aseparable, pivotal connection between the link and its adjacent link ormember and to a second detach position in which the separable, pivotalconnection is separated and the link can be detached from its adjacentlink or other member. in a preferred form of the invention the partcomprises a longitudinally slidable hinge pin.

Another object is to provide such a link which includes elf containedresilient means for resiliently urging and normally maintaining suchmovable part to .and in its attach position.

Another object is to provide such a link in which the movable part isadapted to be forced from attach position to detach position against theforce of said resilient means urging it to its attach position.

Another object is to provide such a link which is hollow, in which theresilient means urging the movable part to its attach position islocated within the hollow. link, and in which the movable part isslidable the hollow link between its attach position, in which itprotrudes a substantial distance out of a side edge of the hollow linkto complete the separable, pivotal connection, and its detach positionin which it is retracted further into the hollow link to separate theseparable pivotal connection.

Another object is to provide such a link in which the resilient meanscomprises a spring element which is sinuous, preferably sinusoidal, inshape, and which extends generally in a direction transverse to thelongitudinal center line of the band.

Another object is to provide such a link in which the sinuous shapedresilient spring element has two sets of folds. The folds of each setare substantially coplanar.

atent The plane of each set of folds is substantially parallel to theplane of the other set and is substantially transverse to thelongitudinal center line of the band. The folds of each set areconnected by parts of the spring element which extend generallytransverse to the planes of the folds.

Another object is to provide such a link in which the movable partcomprises a hinge pin which is integral with and forms an end portion ofsuch spring element and extends in a direction generally transverse tothe longitud'mal center line of the band.

Another object is to provide such a link in which the hinge pin isaligned with one of the sets of folds and in which a portion of thespring element intermediate its ends is exposed for applying a forcethereto to force the pin from its attach position to its detach positionagainst the force exerted on it by the sinuous portion of the element.

Another object is to provide such a link in which the exposed portion ofthe spring element extends in the general direction of the longitudinalcenter line of the band, the pin extending at about a right angle fromsuch exposed portion in a direction transverse to said longitudinalcenter line.

Another object is to provide such a link having a notch in a wallthereof, such notch overlying and exposing said exposed portion of thespring element.

Another object is to provide such a link in which the hinge pinprotrudes into a recess in an edge of the link and is received in ahinge portion of the next adjacent link or member, such hinge portionbeing received in the recess.

Another object is to provide such a link vhich has a hinge portionextending from the edge thereof opposite from that having the recess andin the direction of the longitudinal center line or" the band, the lastmentioned hinge portion being received in a recess in the other adjacentlink or member.

Another object is to provide such a link in which the spring element hasa hinge pin at its other end extending in a direction generallytransverse to the center line of the band, in which the sinuous shapedpart of the element comprises an intermediate part thereof and the twohinge pins comprise end portions thereof and in which the two hinge pinsof the spring element protrude beyond opposite side edges of the linkinto recesses in an edge of the link facing the next adjacent link ormember, such pins being received in hinge portions of the next adjacentlink or member, such hinge portions being received in the recesses,whereby the link is pivotally and detachably attached to the adjacentlink or member.

Another object is to provide such a link which has a pair of hingeportions extending from the edge thereof opposite from the edge havingthe recesses and in the direction of the longitudinal center line of thesuch last mentioned hinge portions being adapted to receive hinge pinsof the other adjacent link or member and being received in a pair ofrecesses in the other adjacent link or member, whereby the link ispivotally and detachably attached to the other adjacent link or member.

Ano er object is to provide such a link having means for cooperatingwith the adjacent links or members for limiting pivotal movement withrespect thereto. I

Another object is to provide such a link having a top shell whichoverlaps one of the adjacent links or members to limit pivotal movementtherebetween in one direction and a displaced portion on the bottom Wallthereof which overlaps the bottom of the other adjacent link or memberto limit pivotal movement therebetween in an opposite direction.

Another object is to provide a band comprising a plurality of such linkspivotally and detachably attached vpansible part of the band inpartially expanded position.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged top plan view of a non-expansible end section ofthe band of FIG. 1 with the ornamental top shells of some of thenon-expansib-le links removed. FIG. 3 is an enlarged bottom view likeFIG. 2 partially in section.

e e 1 assess FIG. 4 is a view like FlG. 3 showing the non-expansible vend section fully detached at one place and partially detached atanother.

FIG 5 is a side view of the band of FIG. 3 partially in section.

FIG. 6 is a section taken along the lines 6-6 of FIG. 3 and rotated 180about the longitudinal center line of the band. 7

FIG. 7 is a section taken along the line 7-'7 of FIG. 3.

FIG. 8 is a section taken along the line d% of FIG. 3.

FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of one of the links of thenon-expansible section.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the hollow link of HS. 9 taken from adiiferent direction.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the hollow link of FIG. 10 with thesheet material from which the link is made being only partially benttowards the position it occupies in the link.

Referring now to the drawings:

Band 2 (FIG. 1) comprises a pair of non-expansible end sections 4comprising a plurality of non-expansible links 6, pivotally attached toeach other in a novel mannor to be described hereinafter, and anexpansible middle section lil comprising a plurality of upper and lowerexpansible links 3 and 3.2 respectively arranged in a lazy tongarrangement. The lazy tong expansible linkage per so does not constitutepart of the present invention and consequently, it will not be describedin detail. The expansible section 10 is attached by a half link 13 and aquarter link 15 to the bottom of terminal connector 14, which is in turnattached to one end of a non-expansible end section 4 in a manner to bedescribed hereinafter.

Each non-expansible link 6 comprises a hollow link 16 having anornamental shell 18 attached to the top thereof and a spring element 20by means of which the link is detachably and pivotally attached to itsadjacent link in a manner to be described hereinafter. Each 'hollow link16 is made of a single piece or blank of sheet metal such as steel,which is bent into a hollow middle tubular portion 22 (see FIGS. 9, 10and 11) having a relatively fiat upper wall 24, a relatively fiat bottomwall 26, a pair of end walls 28 and 30 formed by bends in the metal, asshown, and open sides 31. The edges of the sheet come together at 32 toform a seam. The end wall 28 and the adjacent portion of upper wall 24have a notch 34 cut therein intermediate their ends, as shown. Theportion of bottom wal 26 opposite notch 34 in the top wall has adownwardly displaced portion 36 extending to the end wall 28 and havinga lip 38, which extends beyond the end wall 38 in the direction of themiddle tubular portion 22 in the direction of the longitudinal centerline of the band, as shown, to form a pair of recesses 42 in theopposite ends of one edge 43 (formed by wall 28) of the link 16 andprotruding portions 41, which protrude from the opposite ends of theedge 45 (formed by wall 36) of link 16 opposite from edge 43 in thedirection of the longitudinal center line of the band, as shown, andwhich form a pair of hinges 46. Hollow link 16 may be described as beinggenerally U shaped with recesses 42 in the outer corners of the U formedby the base 22 of the U and the legs &1 and each leg 41 having a hinge46.

Each side portion 46 comprises an integral extension of a part of theside 31 of the bottom wall '26 adjacent end wall 36, which extension isdisplaced from bottom wall 26 upwardly at 44, extends beyond end wall 39in the direction of the longitudinal center line of the band to formprotruding portion 41 and is folded upwardly at 56 back on itself at 43to form a hinge. Portion 48 extends along the upper surface of portionas and is lo cated slightly below the plane of the upper wall 24 of thehollow link, as shown in FIG. 10. The shoulder 49 (FIG. 9) formed by thejuncture of the side of bottom wall 26 and the upwardly displacedportion 44 of each side portion 46 together with the inner edge 51(FEGS. l0 and ll) of 45 of such side portion overlie a substantialportion of the open side 31 of middle tubular portion 22 adjacent endwall 30.

Each recess 42 has a wall 50, extending in a direction transverse to thelongitudinal center line of the band and formed by the edges of 44 and48, and a wall 52 extending in the direction of the longitudinal centerline of the band and formed by the portion of the open side or" middlehollow portion 22 adjacent end wall 28.

It is noted that end wall 30 of middle portion 22 and the inner edges 60of protruding portions d1 form a tongue-receiving recess 58, and thatthe part of middle tubular portion 22 between recesses 42 forms a hollowtongue 6 the open sides 31 or" portion 22 adjacent wall 28 comprisingopenings 69 in the sides of the hollow tongue 64. The hollow tongue 64of each hollow link 16 is received in the tongue-receiving recess 58 ofone of its next adjacent links with the hinges 4-6 of such next adjacentlink 16 being received in the recesses 42 of the link. Thetongue-receiving recess 5% of such link receives the hollow tongue 64 ofthe other adjacent link with the hinges 46 of such link being receivedin the recesses 42. of the other adjacent link.

One of the side edges of the bottom wall 26 of the middle tubularportion 22 forming recess wall 52 has a notch 73 therein which iselongated in a direction generally transverse to the longitudinal centerline of the band, as shown. A portion of the edges 49, 51 of the sideportion 40 lie over the opening of the notch 73, such edges beingbeveled slightly at 74, as shown, to provide access to the notchopening.

A resilient spring element 26 is located within the hollow middleportion 22 of link 16. Spring element 26 has a middle, sinuous orsinusoidal shaped spring portion 65, each end of which extendsintegrally into a pin 71 and 72. The sinuous shaped, middle portion 65comprises an elongated strip of resilient fiat material such as springsteel having a plurality of folds 67 therein divided into two sets 66and 63, the folds of each set being substantially coplanar and the planeof the folds of each set being substantially parallel to the plane ofthe folds of the other set and extending in a direction generallytransverse to the longitudinal center lien of the band. The springelement 26 extends generally in a direction transverse to thelongitudinal center line of the band. Opposite folds 66 and 68 areconnected by the cross pieces 75 which extend in a direction generallytransverse to the planes of the folds and generally paralextends in anopposite direction from the other. Both end pins extend in a directiongenerally transverse to the longitudinal center line of the band, asshown. Spring element 20 is snugly received in the hollow middle portion22 of the hollow link 16 with one set of folds 66 lying along andadjacent to the slotted end wall 28 of the middle portion and the otherset of folds 63 lying along and adjacent to the end wall 36}. Notchexposes some of the folds 66. Engagement of the cross pieces 75 of thespring element 20 from which pins 71 and 72 extend with the shoulders 49and edges 51 of side portions 4i) prevent the spring element fromsliding out of the sides of hollow middle portion 22. Pin ends 71 and 72are generally perpendicular to the cross pieces 75 from which theyintegrally extend, are aligned and coplanar with the set of folds 66 andprotrude out of the openings 69 at the sides of the hollow tongue 64 andhence out of the recess walls 52 of the recesses 42 into the recesses,as shown, each pin being spaced in the direction of the longitudinalcenter line of the band from the other recess wall 50, as shown.

Pins 71 and 72 of each link 16 are pivotally received in the apertures77 of the hinges 46 of the side portions 40 of the next adjacent link16, such hinges being received in the recesses 42 of said each link, asshown. These pins 71 and 72 therefor comprise hinge pins for thesehinges. The hinge pins 71 and 72 of the other adjacent link 16 arereceived in the apertures 77 of hinges 46 of said each link, such hingesbeing received in the recesses 42 of said other adjacent link, as shown.Consequently, each link 16 is pivotally attached or connected to oneadjacent link by means of its hinge pins 71 and 72 and the hinges 46 ofsuch next adjacent link and is pivotally attached or connected to itsother adjacent link 16 by means of its hinges 46 and the hinge pins 71and 72 of the other adjacent link. The pivotal axis of each hingeconnection extends in a direction from one side of the band to the otherand generally transverse to the longitudinal center line of the band.The edges 73:: of the side portions 40 form the sides of the band.

The cross piece 75 of spring element 20 from which the pin 71 extends isexposed by the notch 73 and is located close to the open end of thenotch, as shown. The notch 73 and beveled portions 74 of side portion 4%ermit the pointed end of a pointed object 79 such as a common pin or thelike to be placed against the outer wall of the exposed cross piece 75and to be moved inwardly toward the longitudinal center line of the bandto compress the intermediate sinuous shaped spring portion 65 of thespring element 20, as shown in F. S 3 and 4, and to force hinge pin 71to move inwardly and longitudinally against the force exerted thereon bythe intermediate spring portion 65 from attach position, which is shownin FIGS. 2 and 3, in which it is normally maintained by the shape of thespring element 26 and in which the pin 71 protrudes from the wall 52recess 42 into the recess and is received in hinge 46 of the nextadjacent link, whereby a separable, pivotal connection is providedbetween the two links, to a detach position, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4,in which the pin 71 is retracted into the middle tubular portion 22 andis removed from the hinge 46 of the next adjacent link, whereby theseparable pivotal connection is separated and the two links can bedetached from each other by moving t e hinge 46 out of the recess 42, asshown in FIG. whereafter the pin 72 can be moved out or" its hinge 4d ofthe adjacent link. The engagement of the shoulder 49 and edge 51 of sideportion 46 with cross piece 75 from which the opposite pin 72 extendsprevents the spring element 20 from being forced sideways out of thehollow intermediate portion 22 while the pin 71 is being forcedinwardly, as aforesaid.

The link can be detached from its other adjacent link in the same wayand the two adjacent links can be pivotally attached to each other tothereby shorten the length of the band by first inserting the pin 72 ofthe other adjacent link into its corresponding hinge 46 of the firstadjacent link, as shown in FIG. 4, thereafter forcing pin 71 of theother adjacent link to its detach position by member 79 and whileholding it in detach position moving the other hinge 46 of the firstadjacent link into the corresponding recess of the other adjacent linkand finally releasing pin 71, whereby the spring portion 65 forces pin71 into the aperture of the last mentioned hinge 46 to complete apivotal connection therebetween.

Lip 38 of each link underlies the bottom Wall 26 of its right handadjacent link 16, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, to thereby function as astop to limit the amount of pivotal movement which can take placebetween the two links in a downward direction, the pivotal movementtherebetween in the other direction being limited by a stop mechanism tobe described hereinafter.

Ornamental shell 18 is attached to the top of each hollow link 16 bymeans of a pair of tabs 76 extending downwardly from the side walls 78of the shell and under the link 16, as shown, each tab 76 being receivedin the recess in the bottom of link 16 formed by the upwardly displacedside portion 44, as shown. The side walls 78 of the ornamental shelloverlie the sides 73a of the hollow link 16, as shown, with the cornerportions 89 thereof overlying a part of the apertures 77 of the hinges46 (see FIG. 5). A recess 62 is provided in an edge of each side wall 73opposite from the edge having the corner portion 88 and conforms inshape generally to the outline of an adjacent part of hinge 46 of thenext adjacent link.

The longitudinal edges of upper wall 34 of ornamental shell 18 arecorrugated and generally curvilinear, as shown. A portion of the upperwall 84 of the ornamental shell of each link overlaps the top wall 24 ofthe middle portion 22 of the left hand adjacent link to provide a stopfor limiting pivotal movement of the two links with respect to eachother in an upward direction. The ornamental shell of the right handadjacent link overlaps the top of the link to provide a Stop forlimiting such pivotal movement therebetween and the lip 38 of the lefthand adjacent link overlaps the bottom wall of the link to provide astop for limiting pivotal movement therebetween in a downward direction.The longitudinal edges of upper wall 84 have flanges 86 dependingdownwardly therefrom. The flanges 86 are corrugated in the same way asthe longitudinal edges of the upper wall. The corrugated flanges 66 ofthe ornamental shells of adjacent links interfit with each other, asshown.

The pins 71 and 72 of the end link 16 which is attached to terminalmember 90; form hinge pins for a pair of hinges 96 (see FIGS. 3, 4 and5) of terminal member 92 the hinges 9t being formed in a pair ofprotrusions 94, which protrude from the end portions of an edge 95 ofthe hollow main body 96 of the terminal member 92. Body 96 forms a hingefor receiving the hail of a watch and has a tongue 163 extending fromthe mid portion of edge 95 in the same general direction as theprotrusions 94. The tongue 1% has an end portion 110 which is bentdownwardly and which cooperates with the lip 38 of the end link 16 tolimit pivotal movement of the terminal connector 92 with respect to theend link downwardly.

Terminal member 92 has an ornamental shell conforming generally to theshape thereof and extending thereover. The ornamental shell 206 isattached to the terminal member by means of tabs 162 and the portion 164(see FIG. 5) which is bent around the outside of the body 96 of theterminal member, as shown. A part 103 of the shell 100 overlaps the topof the end link 16 to limit pivotal movement between the terminal memberand end link in an upward direction. The top of the overlapping part 103of the shell 100 conforms in design with with the tops of the othershells 13.

gasses? The other end link of the non-expansible section is pivotallyattached to the terminal connector 14 of the expansible section it? bymeans of a hinge pin 114 which is received in a hinge 3112 of theconnector 14 and hinges 118 of the ornamental shell 120 of said otherend link. This ornamental shell 124i is ditlerent from the otherornamental shells is in that it has an extended portion 122 whichextends substantially beyond the hinges 46 of such end link, and fromwhich hinges 118 extend, as shown. A pin 12- 3 extends along the widthof thebracelct and is received by the hinges 46 of the end link, asshown. The ends of the pin 124 extend through apertures in the sidewalls 78 of the ornamental shell 120 and are peened over at 125 (FIG.4). ment strengthens the connection between the end link 16 and theterminal connector 1'4 of the expansible section.

Although I have shown and described a desirable embodiment of theinvention, it will be apparent to persons This arrangeskilled in the artthat various changes in shape, proportion and arrangement of the partsas well as the substitution of equivalent elements may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth in theappended claims.

I claim: a

l. A hollow link for use in a band of links, said link comprising astrip of sheet metal bent in the form of a hollow loop open at its sidesand the axis of which extends in a direction substantially transverse tothe direction of the longitudinal center line of the band, a strip ofmetal extending outwardly in said transverse direction from the portionsof the opposite open sides of said loop adjacent one end Wall to form apair of wings, each of said strips forming said wings extending beyondsaid one end wall of said loop in the direction of the longitudinalcenter line of the band and then bending backwardly on itself to form ahinge loop at the bend thereof oifset in said last mentioned directionfrom said one end wall and adapted to cooperate with hinge pins of afirst adjacent member to provide a pivotal connection therebetween, theedges of said wings adjacent said open sides of said loop closing theportions of said open sides from which they extend, said wings formingwith the remaining open sides of said loop adjacent the other end wall apair of recesses, a spring element located in said hollow loop andextending in a direction transverse to the longitudinal center line ofthe band from one side of the loop to the other, said spring elementcomprising a resilient sinusoidal shaped mid-portion having hinge pinsextending from the opposite ends thereof out of said open sides of saidloop and into said recesses for cooperating with hinge loops of a secondadjacent member adapted to be received Within said recesses to provide aseparable pivotal connection between said link and second adjacentmember, said sinusoidal mid-portion of said spring element comprising aplurality of folds connected by cross pieces which extend in the generaldirection of the longitudinal center line of the band, said pinsextending from the end cross pieces of said mid-portion, a slot in saidloop extending in said transverse direction and exposing at least one ofsaid end cross pieces whereby said sinusoidal portion of said elementcan be compressed to retract at least one of said pins into said loopand out of its recess and the hinge loop of the second adjacent memberreceived within said recess to separate the pivotal connection formed bysaid pin and hinge loop, said end cross pieces abutting against theedges of said wings which close said portions oi said open sides toprevent the spring from moving longitudinally out of the loop.

2. A linkage comprising a link according to claim 1 in combination withsaid adjacent members, said adjacent members comprising links of:substantially the same construction as said link, said hinge loops ofsaid link fitting in the recesses ct said first adjacent link and beingaligned with the open sides of the loop of said first adjacent link 8and receiving the hinge pins of the spring element in the loop of saidfirst adjacent link, the hinge loops of said second adjacent link beingreceived within said recesses of said link and and being aligned withthe open sides of the loop of said link and receiving the hinge pins ofthe spring element of said link, said hinge loops of said links fittingrelatively snugly around said pins but loosely enough to provide freedomof rotational movement therebetween.

3. A link according to claim 1, said slot being in an open side of saidlink forming a wall of one of said recesses.

4. A hollow link for use in a band of links, said link comprising astrip of sheet metal bent in the form of a hollow loop open at its sidesand the axis of which extends in a direction substantially transverse tothe direction of the longitudinal center line of the band, a strip ofmetal extending outwardly in said transverse direction from the portionsof the opposite open sides of said loop adjacent one end wall to form apair of wings, each of said strips forming said Wings extending beyondsaid one end wall of said loop in the direction of the longitudinalcenter line of the band and then bending backwardly on itself to form ahinge loop at the bend thereof offset in said last mentioned directionfrom said one end wall and adapted to cooperate with hinge pins of afirst adjacent member to provide a pivotal connection therebetween, theedges of said wings adjacent said open sides of said loop closin theportions of said open sides from which they extend, said wings formingwith the remaining open sides of said loop adjacent the other end wall apair of recesses, a spring element located in said hollow loop andextending in a direction transverse to the longitudinal center line ofthe band from one side of the loop to the other, said spring elementcomprising a resilient sinusoidal shaped midportion having hinge pinsextending from the opposite ends thereof out of said open sides of saidloop and into said recesses for cooperating with hinge loops of a secondadjacent member adapted to be received Within said reccsses to provide aseparable pivotal connection between said link and second adjacentmember, said sinusoidal mid-portion of said spring element comprising aplurality of folds connected by cross pieces which extend in the generaldirection of the longitudinal center line of the band, said pinsextending from the end cross pieces of said mid-portion, a slot in saidloop extending in said transverse direction and exposing at least one ofsaid end cross pieces whereby said sinusoidal portion of said elementcan be compressed to retract at least one'of said pins into said loopand out of its recess and the hinge loop of the second adjacent memberreceived within said recess to separate the pivotal connection formed bysaid pin and hinge loop, said end cross pieces abutting against theedges of said wings which close said portions of said open sides toprevent the spring from moving longitudinally out of the loop, said loophaving a bottom wall having a downwardly oiiset portion adjacent saidother end wall, said odset portion protruding beyond said other end wallin the direction of the longitudinal center line of the band and undersaid second adjacent member.

5. A link according to claim 4, also including a top shell on top ofsaid link, said top shell protruding beyond said one end wall in thedirection of the longitudinal center line oi said band and over saidsecond adjacent member.

6. A link according to claim 1, said folds comprising two sets of folds,the folds of each set being coplanar, the plane of each set beingsubstantially parallel to the other set and extending substantiallytransverse to the longitudinal center line of said band, said pins beingcoplanar with one of said sets of folds.

7. A link according to claim 6, said other end wall having a slottherein exposing a plurality of folds lying adjacent thereto.

8. A link according to claim 7, said mid-portion of said spring elementcomprising a fiat strip of resilient material bent into said folds, saidpins being circular in crosssectional shape.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 5815,899 Bliss Mar. 20, 1906 1,598,250 Person Aug. 31, 1926 1,626,139Kraysler Aug. 26, 1927 1,669,710 Jones May 15, 1928 1,751,792 CarlsonMar. 25, 1930 10

